Native Son Book Analysis

The Native Son by Richard Wright centers on the character of Bigger Thomas and the violent acts that he commits out of discontentment with his position in society.   Throughout the novel, he rapes, murders and fights his way through life.   His thoughts are constantly consumed with violent and sadistic imagery.   It is the author’s intent to portray Bigger as a mere product of the ghetto.   Although there is some development as a character later in the novel for Bigger, he is still a failed human being.   His actions and decisions are ghastly and his lack of options ultimately leads to a life of crime.   Society is responsible for the criminal behavior of Bigger Thomas. Violence and cruelty are two characteristics that apply to Bigger and support his role as an unsympathetic character.   An early scene introduces us to the cruelty that Bigger is capable of.   Bigger violently chases a rat and kills the animal with an iron skillet.   He terrorizes his sister with the dark body and she faints out of fear. The violence escalates as the narrative continues on.   Although Jan and Mary attempt to relate to him, he reacts with violence.   While Mary’s murder is not planned, the gruesomeness in the disposal of her body is indisputable. â€Å"The head hung limply on the newspapers, the curly black hair dragging about in blood. He whacked harder, but the head would not come off†¦He saw a hatchet. Yes! That would do it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wright 70).   His brutality continues on after Mary’s death and his most vicious act occurs when he later flees with his girlfriend Bessie.   Sensing her fear, he rapes and kills her in an abandon ed building.   Not only is his behavior violent, but the allusions to his thoughts are sadistic as well.   â€Å"He felt suddenly as though he wanted something solid and heavy in his hand: his gun, a knife, a brick† (Wright 154). The setting of the novel is crucial in understanding the reasons that society is to blame for his violence.   The urban areas of the United States during the Great Depression are a place where success is possible for only those who are white and rich; a category that Bigger does not fit into.   The novel particularly focuses on the feelings of social unrest that were occurring during this time period.   This focus allows the reader to understand how naturalism plays a primary role in the creation of Bigger.   Naturalism can be defined as the way a character’s environment influences the character and his actions.   Naturalism sets forth the notion that a character is formed and makes choices in response to the environment in which he lives.   Bigger has been predestined to become the criminal that he becomes over the course of the novel.   Yet he does not embrace this destiny, he is fearful of it.   â€Å"The moment a situation became so that it excited somethi ng in him, he rebelled. That was the way he lived; he passed his days trying to defeat or gratify powerful impulses in a world he feared† (Wright 44).   In this particular scene, Bigger realizes that he has picked a fight with his friend Gus out of fear of robbing the white shopkeeper. Bigger is angry at his position in society and incensed by the helplessness that he feels.   â€Å"I'd soon as go to jail than take that damn relief job† (Wright 32).   He is intimidated by whites and reacts with anger when he is forced to deal with them.   He does not know how to behave in front of the Daltons and he is unsettled by their manner of speaking.   They attempt to be kind to him, but this just fuels his anger and adds to his discomfort.   His fury with his family is also apparent.   He hates them because they suffer and there is no hope for an improvement in their situation.   His hatred derives from the fact that he has the inability to make a better life for them. Bigger allows the crimes that he has committed to give meaning to his life.   â€Å"For a little while I was free. I was doing something. It was wrong, but I was feeling all right†¦I killed ’em ’cause I was scared and mad but I been scared and mad all my life and after I killed that first woman, I wasn’t scared no more for a little while† (Wright 185).   The reason that Bigger kills is out of fear. After putting a drunken Mary Dalton to bed, he is about to be discovered in a very bad situation: alone with a helpless white girl in her bedroom. Bigger is so afraid of the consequences of being alone with Mary that he kills her. After the murder, he discovers he has finally accomplished something and he is in a way proud of the murder.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"He felt that he had his destiny in his grasp. He was more alive then he could ever remember having been: his attention and mind were pointed, focused toward the goal† (Wright 141). Symbolism is a device that Wright uses to depict the relationship between blacks and whites in Native Son.   The novel opens with the scene of Bigger killing a rat that he has found in his apartment.   This act is a summary for the rest of the novel.   Bigger and his family are the cornered animals, forced into a situation by the whites of the society.   The rat and Bigger are violent with each other as are blacks and whites.   Bigger is a mere by product of this relationship that had been the standard in this society.   Racism and hatred have caused him to act out in a violent manner. The last section is especially pertinent to the idea that society is responsible for Bigger Thomas.   The lawyer Max's effort is not to deny Bigger has killed, but is instead to clarify his own vision of how Bigger became who he is and of how he therefore did what he did. Max tries to explain to whites, the judge and jury, why Bigger is the way that he is. Max tries to make it clear the reasons that society is to blame for Bigger’s actions.   The jury proves his point because they will have no part of Max's argument and decides to execute Bigger rather than imprison him. This sentence is virtually anticlimactic in its predictability. â€Å"Although he could not put it into words, he knew not only had they resolved to put him to death, but they were determined to make his death mean more than a mere punishment; that they regarded him as a figment of that black world which they feared and were anxious to keep under control† (Wright 257).  Ã‚   This scene when Bigger realizes that everyone is against him, merely reinforce his awareness of the way that blacks and whites are split within American society. The Native Son is undoubtedly a powerful work that depicts the relationship between blacks and whites in society.   This static relationship that is constantly repressing black people is the cause of the criminal actions that those who are reticent commit.   Bigger Thomas is an example of the effect of this relationship.   He can not be blamed for his actions because he felt cornered and reacted the only way that he knew how.   Unfortunately, the novel ends on a pessimistic note.   The whites of the jury do not realize their part in the making of Bigger Thomas and decide to sentence him to death. BIBLIOGRAPHY George, Stephen K. â€Å"The Horror of Bigger Thomas: The Perception of Form without Face in Richard Wright's ‘Native Son.'.† African American Review 31.3 (1997): 497+. Hamilton, Sharon. â€Å"Wright's Native Son.† Explicator 55.4 (1997): 227-229. Tuhkanen, Miko Juhani. â€Å"†A (B)igger's Place†: Lynching and Specularity in Richard Wright's â€Å"Fire and Cloud† and ‘Native Son.'.† African American Review 33.1 (1999): 125+. Wright, Richard. Native Son. New York: Harper and Row, 1940.

Assignment Project Management and Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment Project Management and Quiz - Essay Example For each PERT action, estimates are amalgamated thrice in order to settle on the potential activity completion period. On the other hand, in the case of CPM it is supposition is that the times are identified by assurance. The development of PERT took place in the period of 1958 when the Special Projects Office belonging to the U.S. Navy first founded the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) in order to prepare and manage the program of Polaris missile. Even today, PERT is used to supervise unlimited schedules of different government agreements. In 1957, about the same period as PERT, J. E.Kelly from Remington Rand as well as M. R.Walker belonging to du Pont worked out the critical path method (CPM). Initially, at du Pont CPM assisted in the construction and preservation of chemical plants. Among all the procedures of CPM and PERT six of them are similar in both cases. Initially, this includes portraying the project as well as all its momentous tasks or actions. Secondly, bu ilding up the connections among the activities and selecting which of the actions would head others. Thirdly, it involves mapping out the network linking the entire list of activities. Fourthly, it comprises of allocating time and the estimations of costs to individual activities. Next, it consists of calculating the most extensive time path via the network. Lastly, it contains the utilization of the network to assist in preparing, arranging, supervising and administrating the project. Both of these techniques are very advantageous. They formally recognize the duties and tasks which must be finalized on time in order to ensure that the entire project finishes on time. Moreover, it also works out which jobs and duties can be delayed for a period of time if there is a need for the reallocation of resources to get hold of the missed jobs. Conversely, the connection between tasks and time is not immediately clear. This makes it difficult for others to understand them who are not familia r with these techniques. Example of St. Paul Hospital In order to complete the project of the construction of St. Paul hospital, PERT and CPM techniques were used. Primarily, it was decided to select the medical and administrative staff for the hospital. Secondly, the site where the hospital would be located was chosen followed by extensive site survey in order to determine whether the site was suitable or not for the construction to begin. Subsequently, the selection of all the essential equipments was made which will be required to carry out the tasks in the hospital. Next, the final and conclusive construction proposals and designs were prepared. Followed by this, the utilities were to be brought to the site in order to begin the procedure of establishing the hospital. Later on the process of recruitment and selection of the hospital staff was to be carried out. This included sending out application forms along with the specified designation which was required. When the applicant s applied, interviews were to be held and positions were to be filled of the hospital staff. After that all the selected vital equipments were to be purchased and delivered to the site. Eventually, the construction of the hospital was to begin and ultimately completed. Work Cited Render.B, Stair.M.S, Hanna.M.E. Quantitative Analysis for Management. 10th Ed. NY: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,

Knowledge and innovation in organisations are fundamentally linked Essay

Knowledge and innovation in organisations are fundamentally linked. Critically analyse this statement - Essay Example In the internet this ranges from; data from all over the world has been categorized and catalogued by thousands of online companies making it possible for people to access and create resources online. Innovation is closely connected to the concept of creativity and although it is very commonly used, most scholars consider it a notourisily ambiguous concept since it is nearly impossible to pin it down as a single definition or measure (Terziovski, 2010). According to Galunic and Rodan (1998), innovation can be defined as the ability or capacity of an organization to constantly come up with and implement new ideas and in modern organisational management, it is considered a critical aspect of the organisational outcome. Many scholars agree that knowledge and innovation cannot be separated from each other and it is unquestionable that they are the driving force behind most economies in the world. Another way the connection between the two can be demonstrated is by perceiving innovation a s the application and transmission of knowledge from the research and development stage to the implementation and application (Gulbrandsen, 2007). Essentially, knowledge is superordinate to innovation since the former is simply a form of knowledge that has been synthesized and practically applied in a creative way. The intertwining relationship between the two concepts is especially demonstrated in the fact that organisations strive to acquire new knowledge which they then assimilate and apply so as to convert it into profit use it to drive whatever other non-fiscal or fiscal objectives that drive the company. Although it is only recently that attention has been focused on the concept of knowledge with the benefit of hindsight, there is little doubt that knowledge has always been central in human organisations. From the Stone Age era through to the modern period, creating and synthesizing new knowledge, which could also mean innovation has been the

Answer the question separate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the question separate - Essay Example ure and can climb the steps of success, but call of heart unleashes the stress at heart and makes life more worth of living enabling an individual to see the world under a benevolent light. Therefore, if I needed to omit anything from Thoreau’s words in my definition of a beautiful life, I would have excluded the phrase â€Å"live according to its [wisdom] dictates†, while including other attributes like â€Å"a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust† at the same time, with a bit more importance (Thoreau, 1882). Des Pres envisions the human moral senses from the experiences of the concentration camp survivors, where humans were kept under most strict surveillance so far in the modern world. Therefore, the visions about moral senses and humanity framed by Des Pres are worth of modern life style. According to Des Pres, human moral order evolves from an evolutionary survival strategy and is definitely illusionary and idealistic. Worthily, Des Pres comments, â€Å"Group formation in defense against predation is common from insects to primates, and protective strategies often depend on intricate systems of communication and mutual aid† (Des Pres, 1976, pp. 199). Therefore, morality or sense of compassion and virtues like empathy or sympathy in human nature is not imbibed, neither they are inherent as Des Pres envisions them. According to him, human moral order is the consequence of collective effort and survival support system rendered to each other during the time of

Memo about organizational change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Memo about organizational change - Assignment Example Therefore, mangers should have to the ability to manage change in the organization. Change is a strategy for success and enhancing the performance of the organization. This essay proposes a specific organizational change, as well as, the reason for the change in the organization. Blackberry Limited, which was formerly known as Research in Motion Limited, is a company in question that I will propose an organization change (Rothwell & Roland, 24). The company is based in Canada and deals with telecommunication and wireless equipment, as well as, the provider of a secure high and reliable software for Mobile Device Management and industrial application. The company is commonly known for the development of blackberry brand of tablets and smartphones. The company should change their organizational strategy by reducing the workforce that was meant to save the organizations money that they do not have as another phone company’s such as Apple and Samsung have dominated the market. The reason for organizational change in Blackberry limited has been associated with the financial struggle they have gone through that has been; as a result, competition. The value of the proposed change is that it will help the organization in getting back where it was before its competitors entered into the market. This is because there has been an increase in the number of phone companies globally that are making smartphones that have the same features as those found in blackberry. Blackberry decided to lay off their employees as they could not raise enough money to cater for their salaries. However, in a memo released by CEO John Chen he indicated that the company had completed its workforce reductions that have been on for three years. For that reason, the company was willing to hire only if the market did not get worse. The workforce reduction

The African American Term. Or Discrimination Essay

The African American Term. Or Discrimination - Essay Example His demand that he should be considered an African-American because he is an African and an American citizen sounds genuine at first glace. But Swarn reveals the issues related to such a proposition from the perspective of those who oppose it. The fact that Colin Powell, the son of Jamaican parents, and Barack Obama, the son of a Kenyan father and an African mother, have reached the pinnacles of US politics explains how the African immigrants have become an integral part of the black community. However, it remains to be seen whether the essentialist African-Americans would identify with them in all spheres. Mr. Alan Keyes, Obama’s Republican challenger for the Senate seat in Illinois had questioned Obama’s claim to be an African-American, stating that he lacks the consciousness that was formed by a heritage of slavery that the ancestors of African-Americans had gone through. Though Obama and Powell prefer to call themselves African-American, many of the children of Afri can Immigrants just prefer the term African, or Jamaican-African or Nigerian-African, depending on the places of their origin. Some others prefer the more generic term ‘black’ for their identity. Bobby Austin, who opposes the African immigrants being integrated to the category of African-Americans, explains that some people feared that â€Å"black immigrants and their children would snatch up the hard-won opportunities made possible by the civil rights movement†. Several surveys support this view, indicating that the children of black immigrants are making use of educational and employment opportunities in a greater number than African-Americans. Dr.Austin affirms that the suffering of the African-Americans that have lasted many decades is not at alleviated with the help of the civil rights movement, because the black immigrants pose a threat and hindrance to their social and cultural development. Mr. Obama’s view is that the African

Chapters 11-16 of the novel Essay Example for Free

Chapters 11-16 of the novel Essay Frankenstein is a novel written by Mary Shelley in the late 17th century which depicts a story about a scientist in Geneva who becomes obsessed with creating life. In his journey he comes across some notes of a professor in which specific notions on creating a living creature are contained. With these notes and his wild imagination Frankenstein puts together parts of corpses and revolutionises science by successfully creating a living creature. However, all is not merry, as Frankenstein realises his creation is disparate to human beings but that he has transformed what was once a dead corpse into a wretched monster. After abandoning his creation and later trying to kill it so as to cover up his unworthy work, Frankenstein effectively drives the monster out of his lab to fend for himself. At the end of Chapter 10 the reader is given Frankensteins view of his creation; he says breathless horror and disgust filled my heart at this very point we begin to see Frankensteins dream to create life disappear and the reader is left feeling as horrified and disgusted as Frankenstein, towards the monster. Frankenstein continues his horrid reaction by stating a thing such as Dante could not have conceived this phrase puts to light the actual horror of the monster because Frankenstein states that even Dante, a fantasist of evil, was not able to come up with such a creation. In Chapters 11 to 16 of the novel we see the epic voyage through the eyes of the monster as Shelley adopts the persona of the monster. Shellys portrayal of the monster in this distinguished technique helps us to better understand what the monster thinks and how his emotions change as he becomes more conscious of himself and his surroundings. Our feelings towards the monster change significantly and we begin to see a very different and unexpected side of him. The monster begins by telling us about his first memory of himself; he says that a strange multiplicity of sensations seized me, and I saw, felt, heard and smelt at the same time this portrays the monster as a new born baby learning about the simple senses that all humans use. As the monster introduces us to his first day in the woods he says that I felt tormented by hunger and thirst this illustrates the monster as a normal person who has to feed himself to live. Also the monster tells us feeling pain invade me on all sides, I sat down and wept here we are able to distinctively see that the monster is no more different than a small child as both cry when they seem to find no remedy for their pain. Also we are introduced to the feelings of the monster which come to play a very important role in his later life. As we become more learned about the monsters feelings and actions we are presented by the more intellectual and able side. He begins by telling as that he is able to distinguish between insects and herbs and continues to show how rapidly he is able to learn by differentiating one herb from another. This shows the immense intellect of the monster and also makes the reader more attached since there becomes a similarity between the monster and humans. The monster tells us that he began also to observe, with greater accuracy, the forms that surrounded me this shows that the monster is able to process his sight with major accuracy and is able to learn about his surroundings easily. He continues to say my mind received every day additional ideas now we are able to understand that the monster has the ability of thought and has an imagination, the one attribute that differentiates humans from all other creatures. As we continue we see that the monster is able to learn physically from its mistakes, I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain this once again represents the human like intellect of the monster being able to assess mistakes so as not to repeat it again. Furthermore, the monster inhabits the nature of cooking as he experiments with his newly found fire, he begins to see that the berries were spoiled from this operation, and the nuts and roots much improved. The actual mental intellectual ability of the monster is portrayed by Shelley as the monster inhabits in the cottage of the De Laceys. Here the monster is educated to the language of his fellow inhabitants who he reluctantly segregates himself due to being in doubt of acceptance from them. The monster begins his quest to understand the language of his company by observing their sound and actions. He says I found that these people possessed a method of communicating their experience and feelings to one another by articulate sounds. However we are also presented with the less able understanding of the monster as he struggles to understand the words connected with feeling such as good, dearest and unhappy. This once again clearly exposes the monster with human like intelligence since it needs to be able to experience feelings to be able to understand it. We are introduced to a new member of the family, an Arabian, who is unable to speak the language and thus is taught by her companions and at the same time the monster is able to educate himself as he eavesdrops between the holes in the walls separating his feeble habitation from the familys cottage. The monster learns all his facts and details of humans and logic by listening to the various texts and conversations of the De Lacey family. He says I obtained a cursory knowledge of history it gave me an insight to the different manners, governments and religions of the different nations of the earth. Shelley portrays the monsters thoughts and feelings at this new acquired knowledge in a very intense way. The monster begins to question the very being that he is what was I? I was, besides, endued with a figure hideously deformed and loathsome. Here we begin to see that the monster becomes evident of his deformity. From the beginning of the monsters tale to the very end we are introduced to the lonely figure and outcast to society that the monster exists as. The first evidence of the social disregard comes from Frankenstein himself, after he realises that he has created nothing but a monster, he abandons his creation and kicks him out of the lab. From then on the monster is faced with negligence from every human who he unfortunately appears in front of. The monster is very adamant at questioning himself to the reality to his being. He says And what was I? Of my creation and creator I was absolutely ignorant, here we begin to realise that the monster begins to get upset about his lonely being. This interrogation that the monster puts to him leads him to become upset and we see his emotions beginning to cloud his judgement. Was I then a monster, a blot upon the earth, from which all man fled, and whom all men disowned? the monster is able to understand his position in the human society here, as he examines the actual creature that he is presented as to humans.